National Literacy Crusade Of 1980 Essay - 2128 Words

The Sandinistas National Literacy Crusade of 1980 (CNA) significantly reduced the rate of illiteracy in Nicaragua from an estimated forty-three percent to twelve percent. Improvements to the literacy rate were short-lived. The instability of Nicaragua under the Sandinistas (1979-1990) effectively froze state-sponsored education programs, minimizing the potential of educational efforts after the 1980 campaign. The weakened Sandinista government, as well as inadequate preparation of post-CNA teachers, allowed the newly literate to lose their literacy. Although the campaign failed to permanently reduce illiteracy, it did serve as a catalyst for a new brand of Nicaraguan nationalism amongst young Nicaraguans who served as volunteer teachers. The campaign allowed women to transcend the traditional social and hierarchical boundaries of Nicaraguan society. Women assumed positions of authority as teachers, challenging the historically patriarchal norms of Nicaraguan culture. Introduct ion In July of 1979, after years of fighting the repressive Somoza regime, the Frente Sandinista de Liberacà ­on Nacional (FSLN) and their allies seized Managua and with it the seat of Nicaragua’s government. The deposition of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle marked the end of a four decades long dynasty defined by cruelty and cronyism. Under the thumb of the Somocista government, the majority of Nicaraguans were denied or lacked access to education, health services, running drinking-water, and inShow MoreRelatedNational Literacy Crusade Coordinator, And Valerie Miller Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesFernando Cardenal, serving as the National Literacy Crusade Coordinator, and Valerie Miller, a CNA advisor, outlined that the literacy campaign would not just eradicate illiteracy, but create an identity of a â€Å"new man [and a] new woman† for Nicaraguans. Through the CNA, the Sandinistas hoped to introduce young Nicaraguans to the difficulties and hardship endured by Nicara gua’s poor rural population. For many of the brigadistas who volunteered, the 1980 literacy campaign served as their first experienceRead MoreThe National Liberation Front : A Plan Of The Investigation877 Words   |  4 PagesA: Plan of the Investigation In 1979 the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) took power in Nicaragua. The emancipation and equality of women was one of the party’s goals. The investigation will examine women’s societal position before the FSLN overthrew the Samoza dictatorship and to what extent their rule improved said position. In turn, that improvement will be examined through women’s involvement outside the home, primarily in conjunction with the FSLN, and to what extent that involvementRead MoreThe Frente Sandinista De Liberacià ³n Nacional (Fsln), Or1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe Frente Sandinista de Liberacià ³n Nacional (FSLN), or the Sandinista National Liberation Front, came to power in Nicaragua in 1979 after ousting Anatasio Somoza and putting an end to his family’s thirty-six-year dictatorship. Prior to the revolution that lead to their rise in power, the Sandinista National Liberation Front promised to implement several developmental policies that would raise the living standards of their fellow citizens. I previously argued that development is both a natural andRead MoreThe Pan African Significance Of The Obama Administration3061 Words   |  13 Pagesorchestrated by one Mr. Henry Sylvester-Williams. The representatives from the countries in attendance (note that they were note solely from African countries) addressed the need to organize for the erasure of colonial exploitation and racism; a crusade for rights. An important objective of the conference was to create a movement that would promote oneness in experience, an idea that apologists have vindicated ofttimes throughout the history of the black consciousness. Seeing the success of WilliamsRead MoreMy Library : Daytona State Collegegale Database2298 Words   |  10 PagesWoodstock strong enough to plan the release of a book titled Test Your Countercultural Literacy. The book is billed as pop quizzes on our culture s flip side ... just in time for the 20th anniversary of the W oodstock Nation. Steve Gold Enterprises, under arrangement with Woodstock Ventures, is offering original Woodstock tickets at $35 and posters for $150. Gold, a former marketing director for Hebrew National, and partner Larry Lieberman, a former promotion director for rock sponsorship companyRead MoreThe Role of United Nations in 21st Century4626 Words   |  19 Pagesdiplomatic negotiations are conducted. While this type of operation may still be required on occasion between nations, it can be accomplished with a third country military force as needed. Other definitions of the peacekeeping mission since the late 1980s require some refinement due to the nature of the operations. There are three other definitions of —peacekeepingâ€Å" as they apply to conflicts within a nation or among small, undeveloped countries. These operations are labeled multidimensional peace operationsRead MoreIslamic Fundamentalism5541 Words   |  23 Pagesin the recent past and intolerable present of the community . Under the impact of internal reforms and European expansionism the territorial empires experienced far reaching changes. Their imperial style and organization shifted in the direction of national political entities advocating notions and norms of citizenship and patriotic allegiances. But Islamic reformism did not meet the minimal requirements of a succesfull political movement. It was in the main a cultural and educationalRead MoreIslamic Fundamentalism5550 Words   |  23 Pagesin the recent past and intolerable present of the community. Under the impact of internal reforms and European expansionism the territorial empires experienced far reaching changes. Their imperial style and organization shifted in the direction of national political entities advocating notions and norms of citizenship and patriotic allegiances. But Islamic reformism did not meet the minimal requirements of a succesfull political movement. It was in the main a cultural and educationalRead MoreDevelopment by Gustavo Esteva8857 Words   |  36 Pagesfor what had already been there: backwardness or poverty. According to them, the backward or poor countries were in that condition due to past lootings in the process of colonization and the continued raping by capitalist exploitation at the national and the international level: underdevelopment was the creation of development. By adopting in an uncritical manner the view to which they meant to be opposed, their efficient criticism of the ambiguity and hypocrisy of the Western promoters of developmentRead MoreCultural Memory, The Mgr Murder Trial5316 Words   |  22 Pagesstrife as conflicts, the divergence of their causes, characteristics, and consequences make the nature of these wars distinct from each other. The reasons for these wars have changed over time, b ecoming increasingly complex and composite from the crusades to dynastic battles, to conflicts between nations, the latter escalating to the two world wars. Conflicts thus have ranged from world wars to anti-colonial struggles to civil wars to large scale communal conflicts to mob violence to international

Der Stuermer the Nazi Newspaper

Der Stuermer  (The Attacker)  was the Nazis antisemitic, weekly newspaper that was founded and created by Julius Streicher and was published from April 20, 1923, until February 1, 1945. Popular for its antisemitic cartoons, Der Stuermer was a useful propaganda tool that helped Adolf Hitler and the Nazis sway the German publics opinion against the Jewish people. First Published Der Stuermer  was  first published on April 20, 1923. The first few editions of the Nazi weekly lacked many of the central elements that were to make Der Stuermer so popular and so notorious; they consisted of four small pages, focused on Julius Streichers (the papers founder and editor) political enemies (rather than against Jews), offered few if any cartoons, and carried only a few ads. But Der Stuermer already had a circulation of several thousand when it was forced to take a four-month hiatus, beginning in November 1923. In November 1923, Hitler attempted a putsch  (coup). The editor of Der Stuermer, Julius Streicher, was an active Nazi and participated in the putsch, for which he was soon arrested and forced to spend two months in the Landsberg Prison. But upon Streichers release, the paper was again published, beginning in March 1924. Only a month later, Der Stuermer published its first cartoon directed against Jews. The Appeal of Der Stuermer Streicher wanted Der Stuermer to appeal to the common man, to the worker with little time to read. Thus, Der Stuermers articles used short sentences and a simple vocabulary. Ideas were repeated. Headlines grabbed a readers attention. And the cartoons were easily understood. Though Der Stuermer had already published a few cartoons, they were not well received and not a major part of the paper until December 19, 1925. On this date, the first cartoon of Philippe Rupprecht (pen name Fips) was published in Der Stuermer. Rupprechts cartoons were caricatures used to present various themes of antisemitism. He drew Jews with large, hooked noses, bulging eyes, unshaven, short, and fat. He often drew them as vermin, snakes, and spiders. Rupprecht was also very good at drawing the female form—usually nude or partially nude. With breasts bare, these Aryan women were often depicted as the victims of Jews. These nude women made the paper especially attractive to young males. The paper was filled with stories about scandal, sex, and crime. Though perhaps based on a true story, the articles were exaggerated and the facts were distorted. The articles were written by only a couple of staff writers, Streicher himself, and readers who submitted articles. The Displays in Der Stuermer Though Der Stuermer began with a circulation of only a few thousand, by 1927 it had reached 14,000 copies weekly, and by 1938 had reached nearly 500,000. But the circulation figures do not account for the number of people who actually read Der Stuermer. Besides being sold at newsstands, Der Stuermer was put up on display in specially constructed display cases all around Germany. These were constructed by local supporters in places where people naturally congregated - bus stops, parks, street corners, etc. These were often large cases, adorned with phrases from the paper such as Die Juden Sind Unser Unglueck (The Jews Are Our Misfortune). Lists of newly erected display cases, as well as pictures of the more grandiose ones, would appear in Der Stuermer. Local supporters would often stand guard the display cases to protect them from vandals, these people were called Stuermer guards. The End Though the circulation of Der Stuermer had continued to rise during the 1930s, by 1940, the circulation was dropping. Some part of the blame is given to paper shortages but others say the attraction for the paper lessened with the disappearance of Jews from everyday life.* The paper continued to be printed throughout the war, with its final edition appearing on February 1, 1945, condemning the invading Allies to be the tools of an international Jewish conspiracy. Julius Streicher was tried by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg for his work in inciting hate and was hung on October 16, 1946. Resources and Further Reading Bytwerk, Randall L. Der Stuermer: A Fierce and Filthy Rag, Julius Streicher. New York: Stein and Day, 1983.Showalter, Dennis E. Little Man, What Now?: Der Stuermer in the Weimar Republic. Hamden, Connecticut: The Shoe String Press Inc., 1982.* Randall L. Bytwerk, Der Stuermer: A Fierce and Filthy Rag, Julius Streicher (New York: Stein and Day, 1983) 63.

Environmental Management Systems And Principles - 1473 Words

Project Topic/Description Environmental Management systems and principles have been incorporated by organizations and corporations since the introduction of these concepts. These provide the necessary guidance for companies to reduce their impacts on the environment. Environmental Management is not only being applied by the United States (US) regions, but along all countries within the world. Within few decades, other approaches such as social responsibility and sustainable development have arisen. According to ISO 26000:2010 Guidance on Social Responsibility: Social responsibility is the responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, through transparent and ethical behavior that: †¢ Contributes to sustainable development, including health and the welfare of society; †¢ Takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; †¢ Is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behavior; and †¢ Is integrated throughout the organization and practiced in its relationships. Moreover, for Diesendorf (1999), â€Å"Sustainable development comprises types of economic and social development which protect and enhance the natural environment and social equity† (p. 3). Within these, several questions have been developed regarding the connection between the three concepts, and more importantly the extent in which different regions have been involved within environmental management systems, and haveShow MoreRelatedEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreEnvironmental Management And Urban Planning Practices1506 Words   |  7 Pages Since the foundation of the principles of sustainable development, the interpretation and level of integration of sustainable principles have varied greatly on a global scale. As a result of the Bruntland Report’s (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) founding definition of sustainable development, there has been a drive towards the goal of a balance between the integration and policy frameworks of economic growth, social justice and environmental concern (Getzner, 1999; ConnellyRead MoreSustainable Confusion - Forest Stewardship Council And Ikea1384 Words   |  6 Pagesawareness of environmental protection and sustainability, more eco-certification organizations and retailers form alliances to ensure the productive harmony in exploiting natural resources. An example of this kind of relationship would be IKEA carries Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified lumber and paper by which they ensure the right practice on forest management. Founded in 1993, FSC is â€Å"a three-chamber system that has representation from economic players as well as environmental NGOs and socialRead MoreProfessional Engineering And The Laws1040 Words   |  5 Pagesshe is compelled to comply with in the execution of their responsibilities. The relevant statutes and regulations were adequately addressed in the case of â€Å"The Walkerton Inquiry†. These statutes and regulations include standard design approaches, management of water resources, construction of infrastructure and operation for the provision of quality and safe drinking water. The responsibility of Professional Engineers is to perform all their duties in compliance with the PEO standards to safeguardRead MoreHonda vs Toyota978 Words   |  4 Pagesperson working in, or coming into contact with the company, directly or through or products, should share a sense of joy through that experience. Hondas company principle is Maintaining a global viewpoint, we are dedicate d to supplying products of the highest quality, yet at a reasonable price, for worldwide customer satisfaction. Honda Management Policies are Proceed always with ambition and youthfulness, Respect sound theory, develop fresh ideas and make the most effective use of time. Also Enjoy yourRead MoreDevelop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Assessment Task 11251 Words   |  6 Pages * Using resources wisely: * Econo-Environmental * Environmental Stewardship * Encouraging visitors to consider sustainability: Encouraging customers to make sustainable choices is the biggest environmental challenge. * Focusing on appropriate management principles: * Customer focus * Leadership * Involvement of people * Draft sustainability policy: Using resources wisely: * Econo-environmental: * Resource efficiency: Try to use resourceRead MoreTheories And Techniques. A. Summarize The Following Theories:869 Words   |  4 PagesTheories and Techniques A. Summarize the following theories: just in time (JIT), Toyota Production System (TPS), and Lean. How are these concepts related? Describe the advantages and disadvantages for using each of these concepts at the company presented in the case study. Just-in-time: Just-in-time is an approach of continuous and forced problem solving through a focus on throughput and reduced inventory. Nissan takes advantage of JIT through reduced inventory levels and relying on a supplyRead MoreSustainability Analysis And Reporting System Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Corporate sustainability is the capacity of a business to operate for long-term by creating shareholder value and managing risks derived from economic, environmental and social developments. For this purpose, companies need an appropriate system for the evaluation and measurement of their own performance towards stakeholders and for the communication of results achieved. According to Perrini Tencati (2006), a company can creates value if it adopts managerial approach based on sustainabilityRead MoreKey Tips For A Generous Financial Donations1495 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the local community g. Campaigning for environmental and social change h. An employee-led approach to philanthropy i. Efficient and effective community activity j. Disclosure of environmental and social performance (2)Environment Stakeholders a. Environmental policies, organisation and management b. Materials policy of reduction, reuse and recycling c. Monitoring, minimizing and taking responsibility for releases d. the environment e. Waste management f. Energy conservation g. Effective emergencyRead MoreMaterial Disclosure Of Risk Assessment And Implications Of Environmental, Social, And Governance Essay805 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION It is through the guidelines report that material disclosure of risk assessment and implications of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors is increasingly important, therefore companies need to raise awareness, management, and responsibility in offering more substantiated reporting. Investors willingly seek information that is relevant to â€Å"identify and manage [...] ESG investment risks† (Financial Services Council [FSC] 2015). ESG has become synonymous with sustainability

Courage In My Heart free essay sample

I am a person who uses the Backspace Button. Constantly. I used it to write this paper. I used it to the delete the first two drafts of this paper. It is quite possible that my use of the Backspace Button is what caused me to fail English 111 the first time around. Maybe I delete things because I seek perfection. If so, I am not very bright. I am an airhead; a space cadet. I cannot concentrate, or focus my attention on a specific task, without the aid of medication. Even with medication, I have to struggle to pay attention. My thoughts are not always my own: they go where they will and do what they want. I am just along for the ride. I am Catholic. I choose to be Catholic because I love being a part of something that is infinitely bigger than I am, yet, at the same time, I play an integral part in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Courage In My Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My faith makes me feel safe, and loved, and happy. It gives me purpose. It lets me know that, when everything is falling apart, and no one has the answers, I do not have to be afraid. Someone else is in control, and everything will be okay. I am waiting. For what, I do not know, and so, cannot tell you. I am waiting for something to happen, something momentous, something amazing and earth-shattering. Maybe it is something I will have to initiate, myself. If so, I am waiting for the opportunity. I have been a small number of places. I lived in San Diego, California, for the first seven years of my life. At that time, my father was stationed at Naval Base San Diego. When he was reassigned to Naval Base Guam, we traveled there by way of Hawai’i. We spent four years in Guam, after which, my dad asked to be transferred to Naval Station Great Lakes, which is located north-west of Chicago, on the shores of Lake Michigan. My family spent another four years there, reconnecting with re latives who live in the area. In the summer of 2006, my dad was reassigned to the Marine Corps Base Quantico, and we moved to Fredericksburg, Virginia. Since that last move, I have visited London, England, to see plays performed at the West End; Chicago, to visit old friends and older family; New York City, to see plays performed on Broadway; and Jacksonville, Florida, to see one of my favorite people in the world. I am going somewhere. Not sure where, but somewhere. It may be that the â€Å"where† is what I am waiting for. I might go back to places I have been before; I may go on to new places. I hope both are true. I hope to go many more places in my life. In the grander sense, I want to see the world. I want to roam the globe, travel the continents, and rest my eyes upon all the glories of this little planet. I love Fredericksburg, but there is more to see, and I will be damned if I die before getting to some of it. At one point in time, many lives ago, I thought I knew wh at I wanted. I wanted a job, a family, love, success, happiness. I wanted a large brick house, with a larger yard, near an even larger forest (not sure where the forest came from, but I wanted it). This would all be after I graduated top of my class from Loyola, or Georgetown, or Annapolis. Around that time I would meet a rock star, or a movie star, or a prince (delusions of grandeur), get married in a huge ceremony, attended by all and sundry, and ride off into the sunset toward my forever after full of bliss and happiness and a lifetime’s supply of Lindor chocolates. Now, I do not know what I want. I want to be happy, but if it turns out that my idea of â€Å"happy† and God’s idea of â€Å"happy† do not mesh, I could learn to be happy with whatever He gives me. I know that I do not want to suffer – for some odd reason, I have a horrible aversion to my own suffering – but, then again, if it is suffering I am meant to endure, bring it on. Af ter all, it will only last until I die. Hopefully. Maybe, in the end, all I want is to meet what God has in store for me – unflinchingly, without fear or hesitation, with a smile on my face, with strength in my stance, and courage in my heart. That is what I want.